Journal: Journal of Sport and Health Science

Article Title: Weightlifting outperforms voluntary wheel running for improving adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101100

Figure Lengend Snippet: Resistance exercise exceeds the benefits of endurance exercise in ameliorating metabolic dysfunction. Following 8 weeks of diet and exercise interventions, all mice were assessed for their metabolic function by GTT, ITT, and skeletal muscle response of Akt and AS160 phosphorylation to injection of insulin measured by Western blot. (A–C) HOMA-IR taken after an overnight fast for baseline glucose and insulin. (D and E) GTT from 0–120 min and calculated AUC; colored * indicates significant difference from NC-SED. (F and G) ITT from 0–60 min and calculated AUC; colored * indicates significant difference from NC-SED. (H–N) pAkt stimulation, AS160 S318, and AS160 T642 in hindlimb muscles before and after insulin injection and the pre–post ∆ in phosphorylation. (O and P) Total and phosphorylated 4E-BP1. (Q–T) Western results for Raptor, COX4, LC3 II/I, and ubiquitin staining. Representative western blot images inset right. Data presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis performed by analysis of variance between groups: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001. NC-SED n : 8–16 (white); HFD-SED n : 8–18 (red); HFD-R EX n : 8–16 (blue); HFD-E EX n : 8–15 (green). 4E-BP1 = Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein; Akt = protein kinase B; AS160 = Akt substrate 160; COX4 = cytochrome c oxidase 4; CS = citrate sythase; E EX = endurance exercise; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase; GTT = glucose tolerance test; HFD = high fat diet; HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; iAUC = integrated area under the curve; ITT = insulin tolerance test; LC3 II/I = microtubule-associated protein light chain 3; NC = normal chow; pAkt = phospho-Akt; R EX = resistance exercise; SED = sedentary; Ub = ubiquitin.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used for analysis were from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA, USA) and diluted 1:1000 unless otherwise stated as follows: protein kinase B (Akt; 1:500; #4691; Cell Signaling Technologies), phospho-Akt (pAkt) S473 (1:500; #9271; Cell Signaling Technologies), Ubiquitin (#3933; Cell Signaling Technologies), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3 II/I; #4018; Cell Signaling Technologies), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4(COX4; #11967; Cell Signaling Technologies), Akt substrate 160 (AS160 S318; #8619; Cell Signaling Technologies), AS160 T642 (#8881; Cell Signaling Technologies), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein (4E-BP1; #9452; Cell Signaling Technologies), and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; #2118; Cell Signaling Technologies).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Injection, Western Blot, Muscles, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Staining, Binding Assay

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: Modulating starch digestion kinetics via feed processing: Implications for growth and metabolism in weaned pigs

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.08.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of corn processing on relative mRNA level for mTOR , 4E-BP1 , p70S6K and protein abundances of mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), phosphorylated 4E-BP1 (p-4E-BP1), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and phosphorylated p70S6K (p-p70S6K) in the longissimus thoracis of piglets. Results are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM), n = 4. Data columns with different letters were significantly different ( P ≤ 0.05).

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked at room temperature, followed by incubation at 4 °C overnight with the following primary antibodies: mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR, catalog No. 2983, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR, catalog No. 5536, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1, catalog No. 9644, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), phosphorylated 4E-BP1 (p-4E-BP1, catalog No. 2855, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K, catalog No. 2708, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), phosphorylated p70S6K (p-p70S6K, catalog No. 9234, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, catalog No. 5174, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Binding Assay